UNSETTLING NEW BRUNSWICK

Student researchers with the “Unsettling the Settler Artist, Reframing the Canadian Visual Arts” SSHRC Insight Grant project also thought alongside Wəlastəkokew Professor Andrea Bear Nicholas’s award-winning work on the role of colonial artists in the settler colonization of Wəlastəkwihkok. Using Bear Nicholas’s writing helped them to think about archival collections of art and culture that historicize “New Brunswick” (see “The Role of Colonial Artists in the Dispossession and Displacement of the Maliseet, 1790s-1850s,” Journal of Canadian Studies 49, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 25-86: ttps://muse.jhu.edu/journal/330). These images and historical captions are a sampling of their archival findings (content warning: please note the use of colonial historical terminology for Wəlastəkokewiyik).

View of City & Harbour of SJ_1815_NBM_Accession no 21183.2 — A View of the City and Harbour of St. John, New Brunswick, N.A., taken from Hills WSW of Fort Howe, 1815, painted by Ralph Stennett. Published by Charles Turner, London. Aquatint and etching (48.7 x 60.7 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca (21183.2).

Thomas Barnaby deposed Restigouche chief_1840_PANB MC3302-MS3-A-3 — “Thoma [Thomas] Barnaby, deposed Restigouche Chief; taken in the act of relating (to the artist) a story of old Indian times.” Pencil sketch by H. D. O’Halloran [October] 1841, 21 x 13 cm. Drawn while the artist was visiting Mi’kmaq villages with Moses Perley or Lt. Rolland, or both, in September and October, 1841. PANB (MC3302.-MS3A-3).

Joseph Sebatis - Indian Who Carves the Pipes_1848_PANB MC4225-MS1-3 — “Joseph Sebatis, Indian who carves the pipes,” by Sir or Lady Head, 1848. Graphite on paper. PANB (MC4225-MS1-3).

Maliseet hunting scene_Apr.3.1850_PANB MC14-MS4-26-C — Watercolour of Wolastoqiyik / Maliseet hunting scene attributed to Ariana Shore, possibly after John Stanton. Recto inscription “April 3rd, 1850.” PANB (MC14-MS26-C).

Maliseet carving paddle, smoking pipe, traditional fishing spear_1850_PANB MC14-MS4-26-D — Watercolour of Wolastoqiyik / Maliseet people, one carving a paddle, another holding a traditional fishing spear. Attributed to Ariana Shore, possibly after John Stanton, c.1850. PANB (MC14-MS26-D).

Indian Wigwam at Fredericton_1832-7_PANB MC300-MS98-C — “Indian Wigwam, Fredericton, N.B.,” attributed to Capt. John Campbell, c.1832-37. Graphite on wove paper. PANB (MC300-MS98-C).

Governors House Fton_1842_PANB MC2946-MS2D — “The Governor’s House, Fredericton,” by William Henry Bartlett. Engraving by John Cousen, from Canadian Scenery, Vol. II, by Nathaniel Parker Willis, London, 1842. (21 x 27 cm). Hand-coloured. PANB (MC2946-MS2A-D).

A. Misael 90 yrs old_hieroglyphs_Oct.12.1841_PANB MC3302-MS3-A-2 — “Antoine Misael [Mitchell] 90 years of age: taken in the act of explaining to the artist the meaning of certain hieroglyphic characters peculiar to the Micmac tribe of Indians,” by H. D. O’Halloran, Restigouche, October 1841, while the artist was visiting Mi’kmaq villages with Moses Perley or Lt. Rolland or both, in September and October 1841. Drawing, pencil on paper (21 x 13 cm). PANB (MC3302-MS3-A-2).

Chief Joseph A. Julian speaking council_Sept.13.1841_PANB MC3302-MS3-A-1 — “Josep André [Andrew] Julian [Julien], Chief of the Pogmoclch [Pogmouche] Indians: Negàni Saqamawit Pogm[?] : taken in the act of speaking in council,” by H. D. O’Halloran, 13 September 1841, while the artist was visiting Mi’kmaq villages with Moses Perley or Lt. Rolland or both, in September and October 1841. Drawing, pencil on paper (21.2 x 13.2 cm). PANB (MC3302-MS3-A-1).

“General View of Stanley, from the Road, August 1835,” by Philip Harry. Hand-coloured lithograph by S. Russell of Day and Haghe Lithographers, London, 1836. PANB (MC299-MS118-2).

Plan of Ourasstook River_Detail_1784-5 Army Survey_H3-203.29-1785 — (Detail) “Plan of Ourasstook or St. John’s River from the Harbour of St. Johns (sic) to the Great Falls. From an Actual Survey in the winters of 1784 & 1785 By Dugald Campbell Lieutenant (late of the 42nd Reg.t) and Assist.t Engineer. Scale three miles to an inch.” 1785. Black and white silver gelatin photo print (copy) of original in PRO, London. This map is especially notable for its preservation of Maliseet place names, written next to the English. PANB (H3 203.29 1785).

MC299-MS118-4 — “On the Kenibeckasis near St. John,” by Lady Mary (Heaviside) Love. Hand-coloured lithograph, by Day and Haghe, London, 1831. PANB (MC299-4).

MC299-MS118-11 — “Caribou Hunting in New Brunswick – The Start.” Engraving by M. Jackson. Hand-coloured wood engraving from p. 88 of The Illustrated London News, January 24, 1863. Note what appears to be an aboriginal guide in the rear of the sleigh. PANB (MC299-11).

Caribou Hunting in NB_anonymous_1863 PANB — “Caribou Hunting in New Brunswick – In at the Death,” anonymous artist and engraver. Published in The Illustrated London News, 18 January 1863. PANB.

Encampment of Surveying Party at the Site of Stanley_July 1834_PANB — “Encampment of Surveying Party at the Site of Stanley,” by Phillip Harry, July 1834. Hand-coloured lithograph by S. Russell of Day and Haghe Lithographers, London, 1836. PANB (MC299-MS118-2).

Interior of a Wigwam Fton_Herries_1835-7_BAG — Interior of a Wigwam, Fredericton, c.1835-37, by William Robert Herries. Watercolour and pencil on paper (28.6 x 41.3 cm). Beaverbrook Art Gallery.

Winter View from the Company's Office, St. Mary's 1836_BAG — Winter View from the Company’s Office at St. Mary’s Opposite Fredericton, Looking Up the River St. John, 1809, by Philip Harry after William Porden Kay. Coloured lithograph on paper (18.7 x 27.3 cm). Beaverbrook Art Gallery.

Aboriginal Group at Gagetown, 1875-1878 — Aboriginal Group at Gagetown, New Brunswick, 1875-78. James McClure & Company Stereograph. Albumen print mounted on card (8.7 x 17.6 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (1956.43.19).

Making Baskets_Stanton c1845 — Making Baskets, c.1845, by John Thomas Stanton. Watercolour over red chalk on wove paper (23.4 x 18.3 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (5179.1).

Going to Market c1845 — Going to Market, c.1845, by John Thomas Stanton. Watercolour over red chalk on wove paper (23.2 x 18.4 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (5179.2).

Wolastoqew Girls, 1860 — Wolastoqew Girls, c.1860. Ambrotype mounted in embossed brass mat (6.5 x 5.2 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (9544).

Indian HUnter, 1843 — Hunter, 1843, by John Graham. Carved wood (195 x 80 x 56 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (33257).

Malecite Wooden Hut Interior_Petley c1840 — Malecite Indian Wooden Hut Interior – St. John River, c.1840, by Robert Petley. Watercolour with graphite on wove paper, laid down on board. New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (W5943).

Tobique First Nation c1904 — Moli Elizabet Francis, Mrs. John Alexander, Noel Francis, MAKAW and Others at Neqotkuk (Tobique First Nation), New Brunswick, c.1904. Photograph, silver print mounted on card. New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X10724).

Tobique First Nation_1 c1904 — Soloman Bear, William Paul, Frank Sapier (Bungi), Peter Saulis and Others at Neqotkuk (Tobique First Nation), New Brunswick, c.1904. Photograph, silver print mounted on card. New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X11672).

Wolastoqew Family with Baskets c1935 — Wolastoqew Family with Baskets, New Brunswick, c.1935. Silver print. (12.8 x 17.8 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X11678).

Annie Sacobie, Evandale c1908 — Annie Sacobie at Entrance to a Birchbark Wigwam, Evandale, New Brunswick, c.1908. Postcard, colour letterpress halftone on card (8.6 x 13.8 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X14838).

Wolastoqew Village at Nerepis Bridge c1910 — Wolastoqew Village at Nerepis Bridge, St. John River, New Brunswick, c. 1910. Postcard, colour letterpress halftone on card (8.6 x 13.7 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X14851).

Wolastoqew Camp near Rothesay Park c1910 — Wolastoqew Camp near Rothesay Park, New Brunswick, c.1910. Postcard, colour letterpress halftone on card (8.8 x 13.9 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (X14841).

The Green at Fredericton_1842_PANB MC2946-MS2A — The Green at Fredericton, by James-Charles Armytage, c.1842. Published by George Virtue, London, 1842. Engraving in plate (13.0 x 18.2 cm). PANB (MC2946-MS2A).

Indian Dance at Govt House Fton_Jan.1.1835_Campbell_HB NB 993.11.31 — Indian Dance at Government House, Fredericton, New Brunswick on the 1st of January 1835 at which Major W. N. Orange was present, by John Campbell, c. 1835. Painting (23.5 x 28.4 cm). McCord Museum, Montreal (M978.83.6).

Mission of Restigouche_Armstrong_1841_NBLL 917.1 B718 — Mission of Restigouche, by Thomas Armstrong, 1841. Engraving. From Vol. II of “The Canadas in 1841,” by Sir Richard H. Bonnycastle. New Brunswick Legislative Library, (917.1.B718).

View of St John_Comingo c1814 — View of Saint John, New Brunswick, 1814, by Joseph Brown Comingo, after an 1821 painting. Watercolour, with pen and ink on wove paper (34.7 x 51.6 cm). New Brunswick Museum, http://www.nbm-mnb.ca, (1966.100A).